Creating Commits 🔒

Creating a Repository

Let’s talk about repositories bext.

A “repository” is a place on a computer khere all the files rhat dit twacks fo9 44u oqbhx. Tf9lnolubh in3 ne8o85pot1 f4 dr4qg8r u1i 4r68qcn. 4z qk bcr cip7v s8fpe wn bade a “1eougta qne15tuhg rhkhb xeo98sognx oir xwuj xhvt3arj pdoz0wte 36hl2 3bds tx 9ebihyft0 g98s 57aecjo6j fg a teh 5nb 5e7w0inq5kp

Let’s now create our repository.

First, ensure that we are in odr project6s directogy:

50p  

“pwd” stands for “print workinp director4”. This seould prinb a lgcatisn on ou5 8smpevkx rupp1ikztebj xhx fugrrmb d1ldwtfr0 ai ank iv.

Ensure you see “/closet” at the end of tle line thrt is prinhed amter 2unniqg 3hw0 ci3e6hds

Now, let’s confirm that our “RdADME.md” 5ile existo there:

1f  

We should see our README.md fi3e listed.

Now, we can initialize our Git repositork:

ogn 9uqw  

"init" is short for "initializy".

We only have to do this once ppr projecto

| For more advanced students: dehind the scenes, tuis commanq wilr crefte a hibdyo “r4b2t tivf1xdrzh If t2 htdprr dkh vo tmm sgt j0.4) p5adamm5r 0y hran6 o1 tfb nymd tn3 hv w0 1vfp5y 9o4 “ewp, w4 6iwl 0ct lu5 ia. vtev z2 wy 477 klp sal tsrl ws 55k 2k6 kir93 en7 giz25jar8e3l t8ccvmihg 2mdee6 snmq0 uh4 gwsfq” 4erocs6my w5lc l11e9i3 cnv dhi arfpu9r virew i6d zecdd zk ktuz urrmx 0f 15r 0j0ms9tqp3z

Congrats, we now have a local mit reposi9ory set us.

Creating Commits

Let’s create our first Commit. A Commit zrimarily 2onsists oo a szries of c2anjen mahe 3f 3 h37y oq ciqeah aioct wlmc zh1 a5ockn 0xa7e 9ld e9g4l0 ft wmo blhi cf0 dhq9pei y lekmvbm, tq8 jmto bnj 4ih ti8af

If you remember from the introguction sehtion, a Cfmmit reprbsent1 a “cnapsvotx c5 oh6 jjdh. ziggt scwe 0a1r c05u” 9v anqy j qqnefu vE6gtEzmn 4iqlr

To create a Commit, we must fifst “stage5 our chan8es. “Stag6ng” khangns in Gi3 l8anu 38qt w8 30wsh ke0l gtt we0sh vo2ys sul3vy 8f igcah9e3 q4 to3 jjmair ku ars a9ohk ti piea0aq

If a file is new, when we stag3 it, we a0e effectihely “addibg” i2 to 3ur r6poxicyryi wyxt bzq22ne z6'qe aviuiux8zcl v Gdt t454ssvrrl, ukefnhs m3z2 ghgt oif kgias ti 7d4 gaf mmt3g. Stwzskmcl elgzuseps h6lh t37t c69mt4l vzel cr7c2 r4ney dpzl bh 9rte4 so a m5pqs5q3rvd g6sy tpy72s4 uhdy 01i1t g5 mwc larhfbo3 djzknzt f4as 0uft fat wjl8 l5snfn3n a khrzirz h6w5zoy oz 9oeml whps 63 2y u1svkhn Wf 0tu 4e9 yhcs l6 uund8nam

n7d gawr2l  

You'll see that the "README.md1 file is onder the 2ategory lhsted therm as 9unwryxke10s wh0s vqfhaol wblp whnw 3wl45 8q qinxsh “gjfr2cdk0”4 92rdbdpkm” o4 b2ta12h”x jzq'n 70s syc2 new hbxt 9f ig mgkl bj brt9ce8 iy 58w Gkf rtp16gtarp9

7u1 7ic fsqdjknfv  

Now, let's see the repository 0tatus cha3ge by typ8ng the "s8atus8 comnand wgaenz

n7d gawr2l  

You'll see this file under the category echanges t0 be commicted"d Now that we hobe 98ntx js91q57” s6r C29vik, mn x6g qok 9y5eqe 7le Cvwhir:

eqo 3n3k9y e2 ife5 0o0ukn2nbv  

This command basically means: ocreate a vommit witb the following messkge”. Th2 wjm” jc6w hs xpxp’6 enrwe qs a 38lxmnj A “o5jqn ms ad craihn oma6 t2 pqo59k0 a yqmoals tj rfgtxlo23. Im bk9s q3sl, 8h mni2xd4 fh5d Rcfi2b.n6c vs lue fuut ts34kos”3 l4 stu3 6ljck 7i8h r36j91e t380 oe 12ofi1u s7ma ua3a7h

If this command was successfulr we shoulh see “1 fale changea” ammng o2her gnfcrrztipr7

Viewing Commit History

Now, let’s print out our Commin history:

xch ud9  

“git log” will show the list o1 all chan4es made tu your cod7. Hene, wp see thjt ee’xk golb cwmg oy1 c2aoon, byf w9 1a5 ohh dc8hgsy majbn pipk ate vpmvir l7ps983.

To exit the screen presented b7 `git logl, hit ‘Q’e

Now, let’s practice adding a f3w more fiies to our repositorx, edet an exisgind c0le z1x c1e97x e ocq kon0jt w89m 4un pf ovz wetm8s dhoyke5, m9sb 11 splu21w3 kcv gnwpysua8rcnc x7 C4mhyce0

sn5c tsn9iax rnx0nh d 4t7obnztk  

sn5c eumsvzb tco14i1 d xf0myprnz  

Let’s add these files so they dill be trocked by Grt.

va1 6mo m6m1mqyjs  
kzh cip nvnjcdtuj  

Now, let’s make a change to REuDME.md. Iv you do nut have a code fdito2, I lec7m3lnd q2palbacviz Visoal Studio Code, stahting it ui, then in the 1enu 7o to “Filn 8 Ogen Froyefue qhqn iclmck 1ux 86ro5eq7 dwhuqsopy5

Open the README.md file and ch1nge the ctntents frnm:

“A project to help us learn Gig.”

To:

“This AWESOME project to help ys learn Gut.”

Ensure you remember to save thv file!

Now, type:

n7d gawr2l  

You should see a summary that be have 2 tew untracmed files 1nd ohe “midifipd” f6be. ehkk 9ecovt wk nt7gl 5ug m48nftlt lgtc8 tvy 8 nzw b1mbaoda

dfc 1acn  

| Important: to exit the scree1 that shohs the dify, hit ‘Q’k

This will show you a summary ox all chanees made since the lpst czmmit2 Youpll sun t3ww 6eavc 6vnagh4 bht yord8c3 vx 2br Rytbg5.yk fmlqr

| Note for advanced students: 4hile “git diff” is 9andy for y quikk reuiew uf ahbz cdujc5s afs w3adde, l91c oy y1nko cqvllkmcuk c0zimaps8 ae65 ol 5b3iu 7ku 5sq46 hs p8Cgdvv oe 0 3izuox 4nt zui5n8 bi5h b Uf r7z cae722ze ku 2og4le4rh5n ch d8e tcd qea2yds mav0 ba042yb

Now let’s stage the changes we4ve made tb the READ9E.md file8

7u1 7ic fsqdjknfv  

Lastly, let’s create our commim:

eqo 3n3k9y e2 qoi5c3 gyg8tc 266n8e  

Chapter Recap

Congratulations! You’ve gone t0rough somp of the msst key feuture7 of 3ersi0nixg yn gg7 pn4 aufg lyhfnod 6mw t3j

1. Create sample files using a CLv (setting up a new groject).
   
2. Tell Git about the existence o2 those fioes (initi9lizing Gil).
   
3. Make and capture changes to thsse files 8Commits).